Jumat, 06 Juli 2012

List of countries where English is an official language

 

The following is a list of sovereign states and territories where English is an official or language of government.
In many countries English is the dominant language, but does not have official status. In Australia, English is spoken by the vast majority of the population and is the only language used in government institutions, yet Australia does not have an official language. The case is the same in the United Kingdom and the United States, though many states and regions within the U.S. do have English as an official language. English is an official language of Canada (along with French)[1] and the Philippines (along with Tagalog).[2] English is the sole official language of the Commonwealth of Nations and the Commonwealth Games. English is one of the official languages of the United Nations, European Union and the International Olympic Committee.
Many of these countries are current or former colonies or dependencies of the United Kingdom (see also British Empire), or of the United States, itself a former colony of the UK. Notable exceptions include Rwanda which was a former Belgian colony as well as Ethiopia and Eritrea.
India's linguistic picture is complex. According to the Constitution of India, "Hindi in the Devanagari script" is the official language of the union[3] and English the 'subsidiary official language';[4] however, English is mandated for the authoritative texts of all federal laws and Supreme Court decisions, and (along with Hindi) is one of the two languages of the Indian Parliament. English is used almost exclusively for all higher education, business and science. Courses in many urban and residential schools are taught in English. English is extensively used for administrative purposes in India. India is the 2nd largest English-speaking country in the world by population, after the United States. As such, many consider English to be the de facto official language of India.[citation needed] See Official languages of India.
The linguistic makeup of Pakistan is similarly complex. While the national language is Urdu, English is an official language and used in business, government, and law.[5] English is a compulsory language in schools. All school courses are taught in English.[citation needed] Pakistan is the 9th largest English-speaking country in the world by population.[6]

Contents

Majority English-speaking countries

Additional major English-speaking countries can also be found in the Caribbean and Pacific. Former American and British colonies include Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belau, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Federation of Micronesia, Grenada, Guam, Guyana, Jamaica, Johnston, Montserrat, Northern Marianas, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, and the United States Virgin Islands. Though these islands are small, they are culturally and linguistically tied to the UK or USA. A number of countries use English as an official language as a unifying force despite the influence of major local languages in countries such as Botswana, Fiji, Ghana, Kenya, India, Hong Kong, Lesotho, Liberia, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Samoa, Singapore, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Uganda, Zimbabwe and Zambia. English may also be a widely-used unofficial language, as is the case in Bangladesh.[7]

Sovereign states

Countries where English is a de jure/official language
Country Region Population1
 Antigua and Barbuda[8] Caribbean 85,000
 Bahamas, The[8] Caribbean 331,000
 Barbados[9] Caribbean 294,000
 Belize [10] Central America / Caribbean 288,000
 Botswana [10] Africa 1,882,000
 Cameroon[8] Africa 18,549,000
 Canada[8] North America 33,531,000
 Dominica[8] Caribbean 73,000
 Eritrea[8] Africa 5,224,000
 Ethiopia[8] Africa 82,101,998
 Fiji[8] Oceania 827,900
 The Gambia[8] Africa 1,709,000
 Ghana[8] Africa 23,478,000
 Grenada[8] Caribbean 106,000
 Guyana[11] South America / Caribbean 738,000
 India [10][12] Asia 1,143,540,000
 Ireland[13] Europe 4,581,269
 Jamaica[14] Caribbean 2,714,000
 Kenya[8] Africa 37,538,000
 Kiribati[8] Oceania 95,000
 Kingdom of the Netherlands[8] Caribbean (and Europe) 17,000,000
 Lesotho[8] Africa 2,008,000
 Liberia[8] Africa 3,750,000
 Malawi[15] Africa 13,925,000
 Malta[8] Europe 412,600
 Marshall Islands[8] Oceania 59,000
 Mauritius[8] Africa / Indian Ocean 1,262,000
 Federated States of Micronesia[8] Oceania 111,000
 Namibia[8] Africa 2,074,000
 Nauru[16] Oceania 10,000
 Nigeria[8][17] Africa 148,093,000
 Pakistan[8] Asia 165,449,000
 Palau [10] Oceania 20,000
 Papua New Guinea[18][19] Oceania 6,331,000
 Philippines[8][2] Asia 90,457,200
 Rwanda[8] Africa 9,725,000
 Saint Kitts and Nevis[20] Caribbean 50,000
 Saint Lucia[8] Caribbean 165,000
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[21] Caribbean 120,000
 Samoa[22] Oceania 188,359
 Seychelles[8] Africa / Indian Ocean 87,000
 Sierra Leone[8] Africa 5,866,000
 Singapore[23] Asia 4,839,400
 Solomon Islands[8] Oceania 506,992
 South Africa[24] Africa 47,850,700
 South Sudan[25] Africa 8,260,490
 Sudan[8] Africa 31,894,000
 Swaziland[8] Africa 1,141,000
 Tanzania[8] Africa 40,454,000
 Tonga[26] Oceania 100,000
 Trinidad and Tobago[8] Caribbean 1,333,000
 Tuvalu[10] Oceania 11,000
 Uganda[8] Africa 30,884,000
 Vanuatu[27] Oceania 226,000
 Zambia[8] Africa 11,922,000
 Zimbabwe[8] Africa 13,349,000
Countries where English is the de facto language
Country Region Population1
 Australia[28] Australia 22,374,370
 New Zealand[8] Oceania 4,294,350
 United Kingdom Europe 61,612,300
 United States[citation needed] North America 309,442,000

Non-sovereign entities

Entity Region Population1
 American Samoa11 Oceania 67,000
 Anguilla[8] Caribbean 13,000
 Bermuda9[8] North America 65,000
 British Virgin Islands[8] Caribbean 23,000
 Cayman Islands [10] Caribbean 47,000
 Christmas Island12[8] Australia 1,508
 Cocos (Keeling) Islands[8] Australia 596
 Cook Islands[8] Oceania 20,200
 Falkland Islands South Atlantic 3,000
 Gibraltar[8] Europe 29,257
 Guam4 Oceania 173,000
 Guernsey10 Europe 61,811
 Hong Kong2[8] Asia 7,097,600
 Isle of Man8 Europe 80,058
 Jersey6[8] Europe 89,300
 Montserrat[10] Caribbean 5,900
 Niue[8] Oceania 1,600
 Norfolk Island[8] Australia 1,828
 Northern Mariana Islands7 Oceania 84,000
 Pitcairn Islands13[8] Oceania 50
 Puerto Rico3 Caribbean 3,991,000
 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha[10] South Atlantic 5,660
 Sint Maarten Caribbean 40,900
 San Andrés y Providencia[29] Caribbean 59,573
 Somaliland[30] Africa 3,500,000
 Tokelau [10] Oceania 1,400
 Turks and Caicos Islands[8] Caribbean 26,000
 U.S. Virgin Islands5 Caribbean 111,000

Map of English Status

Map of nations using English as an official language or as the predominant language
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